Glyphosate: Kiimiko Beeraha oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo oo muhiim ah
Goobaha Codsiga ee ugu Muhiimsan
Beeraha, glyphosate waa geed-dile dhireed oo saldhig u ah. Waxay ka shaqeysaa joojinta enzyme-ka 5 - enolpyruvylshikimate - 3 - phosphate synthase (EPSPS) ee dhirta. Ensaym-kani waa mid muhiim u ah isku-darka amino acids-ka udgoonka leh, kuwaas oo lagama maarmaan u ah koritaanka iyo horumarka dhirta. Iyada oo xannibaysa ensaym-kan, glyphosate wuxuu carqaladeeyaa hababka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka caadiga ah ee haramaha, taasoo horseedaysa inay si tartiib tartiib ah u engegaan oo ay dhintaan. Dabeecaddiisa nidaamsan waxay u oggolaanaysaa in caleenta ay nuugto oo ay ku dhex wareegto geedka, iyadoo si wax ku ool ah u disha labada qaybood ee dhulka hoostiisa iyo kuwa dhulka hoostiisa ah ee haramaha, oo ay ku jiraan xididdada. Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa mid aad waxtar u leh xakamaynta haramaha waara ee haddii kale ay adag tahay in la tirtiro.
Glyphosate wuxuu la jaan qaadayaa noocyo kala duwan oo ah nidaamyada dalagyada. Dalagyada hidde-sidaha loo beddelay (GM) ee loo sameeyay inay noqdaan kuwo u dulqaad badan glyphosate, sida soybeans, galleyda, iyo suufka, waxaa si toos ah loogu buufin karaa dalagyada koraya si loo xakameeyo haramaha iyada oo aan waxyeello u geysan dalagga laftiisa. Tani waxay kacaan ku samaysay dhaqamada beeraha, taasoo u oggolaanaysa xakamaynta haramaha oo hufan oo ballaaran, iyadoo yaraynaysa baahida loo qabo beerista farsamada iyo yaraynta nabaad-guurka ciidda. Intaa waxaa dheer, dalagyada aan GM ahayn, glyphosate waxaa loo isticmaali karaa xakamaynta haramaha ka hor beerista ama ka dib goosashada, diyaarinta ciidda si loogu beero ama hubinta in meelaha la goostay ay ahaadaan kuwo aan haramaha lahayn.
Marka laga reebo beeraha, glyphosate sidoo kale wuxuu ka helaa goobaha aan dalagga ahayn. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo haramaha goobaha warshadaha, waddooyinka, waddooyinka tareenka, iyo agagaarka goobaha adeegyada. Iyada oo meelahan laga ilaalinayo dhir aan loo baahnayn, waxay gacan ka geysataa ilaalinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha, waxay yareysaa khataraha dabka, waxayna hagaajisaa badbaadada.
Iyadoo ay jiraan faa'iidooyin badan oo ay leedahay, glyphosate waxay ahayd mawduuc muran dhaliyay. Waxaa la soo jeediyay walaac ku saabsan saameynta ay ku yeelan karto deegaanka iyo caafimaadka aadanaha. Daraasado qaar ayaa soo jeediyay xiriir suurtagal ah oo lala yeelan karo arrimo caafimaad oo gaar ah, inkastoo isku raacsanaanta cilmiyeed ee arrimahan ay weli kala qaybsan tahay. Natiijo ahaan, hay'adaha sharci dejinta ee adduunka oo dhan ayaa si dhow ula socday isticmaalkeeda, iyagoo hirgelinaya xeerar adag oo ku saabsan heerarka codsigeeda, taxaddarrada badbaadada, iyo shuruudaha calaamadaynta.
Kaydinta, glyphosate waa in lagu hayaa meel qabow oo qalalan, oo ka fog iftiinka qorraxda tooska ah iyo walxaha aan is-waafaqsanayn. Marka la isticmaalayo glyphosate, waa in la xidhaa qalab ilaalin shaqsiyeed oo habboon, sida galoofyada, muraayadaha indhaha, iyo dharka ilaalinta, si looga hortago soo-gaadhista. Intaa waxaa dheer, si habboon loo tuuro wax kasta oo aan la isticmaalin ama baakadaha ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah in laga fogaado wasakhowga deegaanka.
Tilmaamaha
| Magaca Badeecada | Glyphosate | |||||||||
| Qaaciddada Kiimikada | C₃H₈NO₅P | |||||||||
| Miisaanka Molekulerka | 169.07 | |||||||||
| Muuqaalka | budo cad | |||||||||
| Barta Dhalmada | 230°C | |||||||||
| Cufnaanta | 1.747 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| Lambarka CAS | 1071 - 83 - 6 | |||||||||
| Koodhka HS | 29319000.9 | |||||||||
| Lambarka EINECS | 213 - 997 - 4 | |||||||||
| Codsiga | Xakamaynta haramaha beeraha, maaraynta haramaha dhulka aan la beeran | |||||||||
Xaashida Xakamaynta Tayada
| Magaca Badeecada | Glyphosate | ||||||
| SHAYGA | QIIMAHA CAADIGA AH (%) | QIIMAHA TIJAABADA (%) | |||||
| Jajabka cufka Glyphosate % | ≥95.0 | 95.60% | |||||
| Jajabka cufka formaldehyde g/kg | ≤1.2 | 0.2 | |||||
| Walax aan milmi karin oo Sodium hydroxide ah g/kg | ≤0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
| Jajabka cufka Nitrosoglyphosate mg/kg | ≤1.0 | 0.30% | |||||
Marka la soo koobo
Marka la soo koobo, glyphosate, inkastoo ay socdaan doodaha ku saabsan isticmaalkiisa, haddana waa kiimiko muhiim u ah beeraha casriga ah iyo maaraynta haramaha aan dalagga ahayn. Waxtarkeeda, kala duwanaanshaheeda, iyo saameynta ay ku leedahay hufnaanta beeraha ayaa ka dhigtay mid gacan weyn ka geysata wax soo saarka cuntada adduunka. Marka cilmi-baaristu socoto oo xeerarkuna ay isbeddelaan, mustaqbalka glyphosate wuxuu u badan tahay inuu ku lug yeesho dheelitirka faa'iidooyinkiisa iyo dadaallada lagu xallinayo walaacyada la xiriira.