Acetonitrile: Xaliye hufan iyo falcelin u leh isku-darka dabiiciga ah-1
Goobaha Codsiga ee ugu Muhiimsan
Falanqaynta kiimikada, acetonitrile waa dareere caadi ah oo loo isticmaalo falanqaynta koromatography dareere oo heer sare ah (HPLC) iyo koromatography gaaska (GC). Waxay leedahay milmi wanaagsan iyo viscosity hooseeya, si wax ku ool ah u milmi noocyo kala duwan oo iskudhisyo dabiici ah iyo kuwa aan organic ahayn si ay u bixiyaan natiijooyin falanqayn oo cad. Acetonitrile waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu diyaariyo xalalka caadiga ah iyo dareerayaasha cabbiraadda, iyadoo la hubinayo saxnaanta iyo isku halaynta falanqaynta.
Isku-darka dabiiciga ah, acetonitrile waa dareere muhiim ah oo dhexdhexaad ah. Waxay milmi kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo isku-dhafan oo dabiici ah, taasoo siinaysa jawi deggan oo loogu talagalay falcelinta kiimikada. Tusaale ahaan, isku-darka daawooyinka qaarkood iyo isku-dhafka udgoonka, acetonitrile wuxuu u dhaqmi karaa sidii dareere si kor loogu qaado falcelinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, acetonitrile wuxuu ka qayb qaadan karaa falcelinta kiimikada qaarkood si loo soo saaro isku-dhafan leh hawlo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, acetonitrile wuxuu mari karaa falcelinta beddelka nucleophilic iyadoo la adeegsanayo kooxdeeda cyano si loo soo saaro isku-dhafka amine ama khamriga ee u dhigma.
Warshadaha dawooyinka, acetonitrile si weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa isku-darka daawada iyo hababka nadiifinta. Waxay milmi kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo daawooyin horudhac ah iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah, taasoo sahlaysa falcelinta kiimikada ee hufan. Tusaale ahaan, marka la samaynayo daawooyinka antibiyootikada qaarkood iyo daawooyinka wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga, acetonitrile wuxuu u dhaqmi karaa sidii dareere si loo kordhiyo heerarka falcelinta iyo wax-soo-saarka. Intaa waxaa dheer, acetonitrile waxaa loo isticmaali karaa kiristaalka daawada iyo nadiifinta si loo hubiyo daahirnimada iyo tayada daawada.
Warshadaha udgoonka iyo qurxinta, acetonitrile waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku-darka iyo nadiifinta isku-dhafka udgoonka. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in laga soo saaro qaybaha udgoonka dabiiciga ah, sida saliidaha lagama maarmaanka ah ee dhirta. Intaa waxaa dheer, acetonitrile waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sameeyo isku-dhafka udgoonka oo leh ur gaar ah oo loogu talagalay cadarka iyo qurxinta.
Warshadaha elektaroonigga, acetonitrile waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiil nadiifin iyo dareere. Waxay si wax ku ool ah uga saari kartaa haraaga iyo wasakhda dusha sare ee qaybaha elektaroonigga ah, iyadoo hubinaysa nadaafadda iyo waxqabadka qaybaha elektaroonigga ah. Tusaale ahaan, wax soo saarka semiconductor-ka, acetonitrile waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu nadiifiyo dusha sare ee wafer-ka, laga saaro haraaga photoresist iyo wasakhda kale.
Iyadoo ay jiraan noocyo badan oo loo isticmaalo, acetonitrile waa mid kacsan oo sun ah, isticmaalkeeda iyo kaydinteedana waxay u baahan yihiin taxaddarro ammaan oo adag. Acetonitrile si fudud ayuu hawada ugu uumi baxaa, sidaa darteed waa in loo isticmaalaa jawi hawo fiican leh. Intaa waxaa dheer, xalalka acetonitrile waa kuwo sun ah, waana in la xidhaa qalabka ilaalinta ee ku habboon inta la isticmaalayo si looga fogaado taabashada maqaarka iyo indhaha. Wax soo saarka warshadaha, isticmaalka acetonitrile wuxuu caadi ahaan ka dhacaa nidaamyada xiran si loo yareeyo saameynta deegaanka.
Tilmaamaha
| Magaca Badeecada | Acetonitrile | |||||||||
| Qaaciddada Kiimikada | C2H3N | |||||||||
| Miisaanka Molekulerka | 41.05 g/mol | |||||||||
| Muuqaalka | Dareere aan midab lahayn oo hufan | |||||||||
| Barta Dhalmada | -45.7°C | |||||||||
| Barta Karkarinta | 81.6°C | |||||||||
| Cufnaanta | 0.003 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| Lambarka CAS | 75-05-8 | |||||||||
| Koodhka HS | 2926909090 | |||||||||
| Lambarka EINECS | 200-835-2 | |||||||||
| Codsiga | Waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku-darka dabiiciga ah, soo saarista, dhexdhexaadinta dawooyinka, iyo falanqaynta koromografiga. | |||||||||
Xaashida Xakamaynta Tayada
| Magaca Badeecada | Acetonitrile | ||||||
| SHAYGA | HEERKA (Tayada Sare) | QIIMAHA TIJAABADA (%) | |||||
| Cutubyada Chromaticity/HaZen | 10 | 10 | |||||
| Cufnaanta | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm³ | |||||
| Nadiifnimo/%≥ | 99.9 | 99.94 | |||||
| Qoyaanka/%≤ | 0.030 | 0.029 | |||||
| Asetone/%≤ | 25 | 5 | |||||
| Acrylonitrile/%≤ | 25 | 5 | |||||
| Ammooniya/%≤ | 6 | 1.1 | |||||
| Aashitada (sida aashitada acetic)/≤ | 50 | 1.8 | |||||
| Naxaas/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.001 | |||||
| Bir/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm³ | |||||
| Karkarinta heerka (0.10133 MPa) °C | 81.0-82.0 | 81.6-82.0 | |||||
Marka la soo koobo
Marka la soo koobo, acetonitrile, oo ah walax muhiim ah oo kiimiko dabiici ah oo ceeriin ah iyo dareere, waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa warshado badan. Ma aha oo kaliya inay kor u qaaddo hufnaanta iyo wax soo saarka falgallada kiimikada laakiin sidoo kale waxay taageertaa horumarinta warshadaha casriga ah. Iyada oo la marayo horumarka tignoolajiyada ee joogtada ah, rajada codsiga ee acetonitrile way sii ballaaran doontaa.